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“Barrel Distortion, in which image magnification decreases with increasing distance from the optical axis. The apparent effect is that of an image which has been mapped around a sphere. Fisheye lenses, which take hemispherical views, produce this type of distortion as a result of a hemispherical scene being projected onto a flat surface.” – Wikipedia Or… “Barrel distortion is a lens effe

The telephoto effect, created aptly when using longer focal length lenses, creates an altered perspective where distances are compressed or shortened. The net effect makes objects, that may be quite some distance apart, look close together. The longer the focal length the more pronounced this effect. An example of this can be seen in my photograph “San Francisco” where the Golden Gate Bridge and city skyl

Contrails, also known as a vapor trail, is a term used to describe the streak of condensation left behind as a plane flies through the sky. The condensation created from the planes exhaust are actually artificial cirrus clouds. Often in a photo critique comments will be made recommending the removal of this visual pollutant using a variety of photo editing tools. Example of a contrail removed from a landscape photo:

“Chiaroscuro” in regard to photography, as with painting and cinematography, describes “extreme low-key lighting to create distinct areas of light and darkness” (to quote Wikipedia). “The term early broadened in meaning to cover all strong contrasts in illumination between light and dark areas in art.” (Wikipedia) Note: This image will animate 3 times. Hit refresh if you’d li

One of the most difficult tasks as a photographer is to master the art of less is more. One of the most common techniques employed to accomplish this is to utilize “negative space”. “Negative space” is empty space left around and between your subject. When employed correctly, the empty space around your subject provides a subtle backdrop to place emphasis on your subject. Combined with a caref

EXIF is one of the most frequently used digital photography acronyms. EXIF stands for Exchangeable Image File Format. EXIF information, embedded in each photo file, is made up of metadata including date, camera settings, a small preview image, descriptions, copyright information and GPS coordinates. Not every camera populates this metadata (ex. descriptions, copyright information and GPS coordinates) due to hardware

“Depth of field (DOF) is the distance in front of and beyond the subject that appears to be in focus. There is only one distance at which a subject is precisely in focus, but focus falls off gradually on either side of that distance, and there is a region in which the blurring is imperceptible under normal viewing conditions.” – Wikipedia DOF field varies with aperture, from shallow at wide aperture

“the f-number (sometimes called focal ratio, f-ratio, or relative aperture[1]) of an optical system expresses the diameter of the entrance pupil in terms of the effective focal length of the lens. It is the quantitative measure of lens speed, an important concept in photography” – Wikipedia In other words, the f-stop is the ratio of lens focal length to the effective aperture open diameter. Each f-s